Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) Seroprevalence in a Senegalese “Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV” Cohort
Introduction: Seuegal ms clasufied by WHO among the countnes where the prevalence of HBV to ugh & 8%) eee er ere fected aad -Infected 4 areas of Senegal we uy d thepoeralonce cf chronic bepotiis B infection'in x Prevent Mothne-t¢ Ct Tremmranion of HIV (PMTCT) for Dried Bioot Spots in Senegal.
Objective: The objective of our work 1 to find the frequency of hepattis B infection m both HIV-positive and -negative pa- tients from a PMTCT cohort from Dned Blood spot mm Senegal.
Materials and Methods: We analyzed 930 patents from a PMTCT cohort, anone whom 24 were HIV-positive, X15 were HIV-oegative aed | was samples were was subenutted to the test kit Determmne HBsAg—, HBsAg— and HBsAg ELISA Qualitetive Archstect II— kit for the detection of HBsAg.
Result: The avernve age was 26.5 weeks and the sex mito was M’F ~ 1.27. Pwteenits were predomunintly male with 520 (56.0%) The overall frequency of HBsAg was 3.09% (0% mi HIV ponents and 3.09% 1 HIV-negative the lughett prevalence was m HIV. Megatrye patient’s underé weeks whch was 11% The second highest prevalence was m HIV. negative patients 18.24 weeks wath 5% positive for HBsAg, followed by 2% prevalence rate m patents 12-19 weeks In the group of HIVinegative patients, HBsAg was more prevalent among women (3.66%) than m men (2.50%) (Table 1 & 2) In additson the overall anal- ysis of HIV status showed that the mugority of the mothers used the combumhon AZT +37C +NVP Fmally HIV-negative patients are more likely exposed to HBV infection.
Conclusion: The mceidence of bepatits B rs hegh m chuldven noe enfected with HIV, with the prophylectse status of mothers showmig a mayjonty ase of the coaibimatios AZT + ITC +NVP Finally, HIV-negative patents are more Likely exposed to HBV infection.
Keywords:DBS; Hepatitiy B views; HIV. ELISA; Vaccinanon; WHO; HBY infection
Infection with hepatitis B vines (HBV) is a Public health problem, especially in sub- Saharan Affica, In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than 2 billion people have been in contact with 350 million suffering from chronic HBV infection. Over one million of them die cach year from complications related to this infection, particularly cirrhosis and Hepatocellular carcinonst, HBV being the second cause of death after tobacco, the risk of chronicity is 90% in children less than one year, 25-30% in children aged | to $ years as part of a Family transmission. *In West Africa, the prevalence of viral hepatitis B is high. The transmission of HBV from mother to child occurs during the perinatal period. It ts particularly high (70 to 90%) when the mother of HBY replication markers. In the absence of active replication, the risk of transmission is pow only 10-40%.
In Senegal, vaccination is carried out from 6 to § weeks with the hexavalent vaccine (Diphtheria, Tetamis, Pertussis, Polio, Hae- mophilus inflenzae b and hepatitis B) in a comprehensive scheme of 3 injections’*’ [www bepatitesafrique.ore / index.php / |-mi- tiative! support-of-pnlh]. The low prevalence of HIV and the risk of coinfection HIV / Hepatitis B in Senegal accentuate its socio economic and health situation. His associntion with HIV its chronicity and accelerates degeneration of the liver. No data ts avail- able nationally on HBsAg The frequency in HIV-positive mother of children bom from the paper Blotter, to better adkdress the management nnd prevention both in infected patients that uninfected in decentralized areas from the Blotter paper where the interest of this study aims to investigate the importance of both hepatitis B infected patients than uninfected PMTCT from blotting paper in Senegal.
This cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was conducted from July 2007- November 2012 conducted on DBS samples collected in decentralized sites of the mother to child transmission program (PMTCT) of HIV in Senegal.
All valid DBS collected in children aged 2 weeks to 15 years old and bom to HI’V- positive mothers were included. The study popu- lation of 930 patients aged 2 weeks to 1S years, divided into two groups: 24 patients infected with HIV and 877 | non HIV-infected patients followed in the various decentralized health centers in Senegal. All patients infected or not by HIV in the heart of our study were set treatment of the first patients of the Senegalese initiative of access to antiretroviral (ISAARV) which was facilitated and supervised by projects like ANRS 1215.
A venous sample dry tube allowed seeking HBsAg by a rapid test Determine the AgHBs— (Abbott Diagnostics Japan), and ELISA Kit ELISA Microscreen HBsAg {Span Diagnostics Ltd.) and the ELISA kit Architect HBsAg Qualitative IT — (Abbott Diagnostics Japan), The HBV infection was predicated on the basis of positive HBsAg antigenemia. Data were analyzed by the Epi-Info software 7and kappa teat was used to measure the degree of concordance between tests with the grid of interpretation of Landis and Koch.*And also utilized for the comparison of Variables with a significance level <0.05.
During the study period 930 patients we tested PMTCT. The HBs antigenemia was not positive in PHAs. The average age was 26.5 weeks and the sex ratio was M / P= 1.27 for males with $20 men and 409 or S6% women 44%. All 930 children infected with HIV PMTCT, 24 were positive and on antiretroviral therapy to HIV-1. The overall frequency of HBsAg was 3.09% (0% in HIV patients and 5.09% in HIV-negative). The highest prevalence was in patients under 6 weeks HIV-negative, which was 5,04 with 11% positive for HBsAg followed by 1.22% for patients 12-18 weeks. In the group of patients not infected with HIV-1 against. HBsAg was more prevalent among women (3.66%) than in men (2.40%) from the blotting paper (DBS) (Table 1 & 2). In addition, the overall analysis of prophylactic status mothers shows majority use of the combination AZT + 3TC + NVP and found that HIV-negative patients are more exposed significantly to hepatitis B (p= 0.61) on blotting paper (DBS) in the heart of our study. On found that HIV-negative patients are more exposed so.
The prevalence of HBsAg highest was in patients under six weeks who was HIV- negative 5. O4 with 11% positive for HBsAg fol- lowed by 1.22% for patients 12-18 weeks. In the group of non-HIV-1 patients, HBsAg was more prevalent among women (3.66%) than in men (2.50%) from the blotting paper (DBS)Men (2.50%) from the blotting paper (DBS) (Table 1 & 2) by cons according to a study, the prevalence of HBsAg were 12.7% in a cohort of patients living with HIV in Burkina Faso.”
The incidence of hepatitis B is high in non-HIV-infected children with prophylactic status of mothers showing a majonty use of the combination AZT + 3TC + NVP. Moreover, we find that the prevalence of hepatitis B in children aged less than 6 weeks from the paper Blotter (DBS) rose $% -This leads us to say that preventive measures such as screening and vaccination should be strengthened at birth in children regardless of HIV serostatus. In order to achieve more substantial results, further work is needed to investigate the risk factors for hepatitis B and other markers of hepatitis B in paired samples DBS/Scrum from DBS.
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