Figure 1: IR-spectrum of the DP before (a) and after (b) adsorption
Figure 2: Applicability of physical separation according to liberation degree of the metal phase for the particulate forms
Figure 3: Experimental Model Dimensions
Figure 4: Experimental Model Setup
Figure 5: The Rrelationship between the rate of removal of Mercury (Hg) and date pits (DP)
Figure 6: The Relationship bbetween Rate of Removal of Lead (pb) and date pits (DP)
Figure 7: The Efficiency of Date pits for removing Heavy Metals
Figure 8: The Single Lump
Figure 9: The Powdered Solid

Heavy metal

Toxicities

MCL (mg/l)

Arsenic

Skin manifestations, visceral cancers, vascular disease

0.050

Cadmium

Kidney damage, renal disorder, human carcinogen

0.01

Chromium

Headache, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, carcinogenic

0.05

Copper

Liver damage, Wilson disease, insomnia

0.25

Nickel

Dermatitis, nausea, chronic asthma, coughing, a human carcinogen

0.20

Zinc

Depression, lethargy, neurological signs and increased thirst

0.80

Lead

Damage the fetal brain, diseases of the kidneys, circulatory system, and nervous system

0.006

Table 1: The MCL Standards for the most Hazardous Heavy Metals

Component

Fresh Date pits

Date pits (dry basis)

Moisture

8.6–12.5

Protein

4.8–6.9

5.2–5.6

Fat

5.7–8.8

10.2–12.7

Ash

0.8–1.1

1.1–1.2

Dietary fiber

67.6–74.2

Carbohydrate

2.4–4.7

81.0–83.1

Table 2: Fresh and dried date seeds %composition

Heavy Metal

Sources

Effects

Lead

Industries such as paints.

Damage the fetal brain, diseases of the kidneys, circulatory system, and nervous system

Mercury

Industries like pulp and paper

Kidney damage, Nausea, Loss of hearing or vision, Gingivitis, Chromosome damage,

Table 3: Sources and Toxicological Effects of some Heavy Metals [10]

Run

N2 Bubbling Pressure
Kg/cm2

Alum dose
mg/L

N2 amount
mg/L

Date pits
mg/L

Lead(P)
mg/L

Mercury(Hg)
mg/L

Efficiency
%

1

0.6

80

60

0

2

2

0

2

0.6

80

60

50

1.09

0.97

49

3

0.6

80

60

100

0.37

0.29

84

4

0.6

80

60

150

0.32

0.22

87

Table 4: Experimental Conditions and Results