S.no

Biological active constituents

Properties

1

Vitamins (folic acid vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B12,vitamin Cand choline)

Antioxidants deactivates free radicals and acts as healing gents [13]

2

Minerals(magnesium, sodium, selenium, chromium, zinc, manganese, potassium, calcium and copper)

Act as a cofactors for the activation of many enzymes [14]

3

Enzymes (bradykinase, alkaline phosphatase, aliiase, cellulase, amylase, catalase, peroxidase, carboxypeptidase and lipase)

Reduce inflammation and breaks down fats /sugars [15]

4

Carbohydrates (glucose, tannic acid, glucomannans, fructose and poly mannose)

Provides energy, acts as healing gents and possess pharmacological properties [16]

5

Glycoprotein (alprogen and C-glucosyl chromone)

Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic [17,18]

6

Fatty acids (lupeol ,cholesterol, β-sisosterol and campesterol)

Analgesic ,anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties [19]

7

Proteins (20 human amino acids ,7 essential amino acids salicylic acid, lignin and saponins)

Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties [20,21].

8

Hormones (Auxins and gibberellins)

Anti-inflammatory and wound healing [22,23].

9

Anthraquinones (12 anthraquinones, aloin and emodin)

Antivirals, analgesics,laxatives and antibacterial [24,25]

Table 1: Aloe vera biological active constituents with its related properties

S.no

Beneficial properties

Function

1

Anti-ulcer

Inhibits gastric acid secretion [26]

2

Anti-diabetic

Potentiate insulin action [27]

3

Antibacterial/Antifungal

Effective against Candida glabrata , Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Candida tropicalis,Candida albicans and M. furfur [28,29]

4

Anti-acne

Treatment of mild acne vulgaris [30]

5

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

Acts directly on enzyme 3β HSD and controls the flux toward estradiol formation [31]

6

Potent Nutraceutical

Increases body weight and act as bone marrow stimulant [32]

7

Moisturizer

Causes skin hydration [33]

8

Immunomodulatory

Stimulates stem cells proliferation in numerous immune-suppressed clinical conditions [34]

9

Wound healing

Promote epithelization and contraction of myo-fibroblasts for wound healing [35]

Table 2: Beneficial properties Aloe vera